俄罗斯的空间努力的历史从第二次世界大战开始。在这场巨大的冲突结束后，德国球拍和火箭部分被美国队俘虏和苏联。在此之前，两国都曾经涉足火箭科学。罗伯特戈达德在美国蛇发射了该国的第一批火箭。在苏联，工程师谢尔盖科罗廖夫也尝试过火箭。然而，研究和在德国的设计完善的机会是这两个国家的吸引力，都进入冷战20世纪50年代的每一个努力胜过对方到space.Not只做美国带过来的火箭和来自德国的火箭部件，但他们也运德国火箭科学家的数量，以帮助刚起步的国家航空咨询委员会（NACA）及其programs.The火箭和苏军缴获的德国科学家，也和最终开始进行实验动物与50年代初推出，虽然没有进入space.Yet，这些人在太空竞赛中的第一个步骤，并同时设置忙忙赶去地球上的国家。苏联赢了第一回合比赛中，当他们把人造地球卫星1送入轨道10月4日，1957年它是骄傲和苏联的宣传，并在裤子的主要踢了羽翼未丰的美国一个巨大的胜利空间努力。苏联跟进，推出了第一个人进入太空，尤里·加加林，在1961年之后，他们把在太空的第一位女性（瓦伦蒂娜捷列什科娃，1963年），并做了第一次太空行走，由阿列克谢·列昂诺夫进行。在1965年，它看起来非常像苏联人也可能成为第一个登月的人。然而，由于技术问题，这些问题已经转移并推迟了他们的月球任务。
澳洲悉尼科技大学Assignment代写：俄罗斯宇宙与苏联太空计划简史
The history of Russia’s space efforts starts with World War II. At the end of that huge conflict, German rockets and rocket parts were captured by both the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Both countries had dabbled in rocket science before that. Robert Goddard in the U.S. had launched that country’s first rockets. In the Soviet Union, engineer Sergei Korolev had experimented with rockets, too. However, the chance to study and improve upon Germany’s designs was attractive to both countries and they entered into the Cold War of the 1950s each striving to outdo the other into space.Not only did the U.S. bring over rockets and rocket parts from Germany, but they also transported a number of German rocket scientists to help with the fledgling National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and its programs.The Soviets captured rockets and German scientists, too, and eventually began experimenting with animal launches in the early 1950s, although none reached space.Yet, these were the first steps in the space race and set both countries on a headlong rush off Earth. The Soviets won the first round of that race when they put Sputnik 1 into orbit on October 4, 1957. It was a huge win for Soviet pride and propaganda and a major kick in the pants for the fledgling U.S. space effort. The Soviets followed up with the launch of the first man into space, Yuri Gagarin, in 1961. Then, they sent the first woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova, 1963) and did the first spacewalk, performed by Alexei Leonov in 1965. It looked very much like the Soviets might score the first man to the Moon, too. However, problems piled up and pushed back their lunar missions due to technical problems.