在国际维和协定领域,1928年的凯洛格 – 布里安条约(Kellogg-Briand Pact)以其极其简单的,即使不太可能的解决方案而脱颖而出:非法战争。 Kellogg-Briand Pact有时被称为巴黎公约,用于签署该城市的协议,签署国承诺再也不会宣布或参与战争,作为解决“任何性质的争议或冲突”的方法或者他们可能出现的任何起源,也可能出现在他们之间。“该协议的执行理解是,国家未能履行承诺”应该被剥夺本条约提供的利益。“凯洛格 – 布里昂条约是最初由法国,德国和美国于1928年8月27日签署,很快由其他几个国家签署。该协议于1929年7月24日正式生效。在20世纪30年代,该协议的要素构成了美国孤立主义政策的基础。今天,其他条约以及“联合国宪章”也包括类似的战争放弃。该协议以其主要作者,美国国务卿弗兰克B.凯洛格和法国外交部长阿里斯蒂德布里安德的名字命名。在很大程度上,凯洛格 – 布里昂条约的创立是由美国和法国的第一次世界大战后的和平运动推动的。第一次世界大战的恐怖驱使大多数美国人民和政府官员倡导孤立主义政策,旨在确保国家永远不会再陷入外国战争。其中一些政策侧重于国际裁军,包括1921年在华盛顿特区举行的一系列海军裁军会议的建议。其他政策侧重于美国与国际联盟和新成立的世界法院等多国维和联盟的合作,现在被承认为联合国主要司法部门国际法院。美国和平倡导者尼古拉斯·默里·巴特勒和詹姆斯·T·肖尔韦尔发起了一场致力于彻底禁止战争的运动。巴特勒和肖特韦尔很快就与卡内基国际和平基金会建立了联系,这个组织致力于通过国际主义促进和平,该组织于1910年由着名的美国实业家安德鲁卡内基建立。

加拿大戴尔豪西大学历史学Essay代写:战争违法

In the realm of international peacekeeping agreements, the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 stands out for its stunningly simple, if unlikely solution: outlaw war. Sometimes called the Pact of Paris for the city in which it was signed, the Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement in which the signatory nations promised never again to declare or take part in war as a method of resolving “disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them.” The pact was to be enforced by the understanding that states failing to keep the promise “should be denied of the benefits furnished by this treaty.” The Kellogg-Briand Pact was initially signed by France, Germany, and the United States on August 27, 1928, and soon by several other nations. The pact officially went into effect on July 24, 1929. During the 1930s, elements of the pact formed the basis of isolationist policy in America. Today, other treaties, as well as the Charter of the United Nations, include similar renunciations of war. The pact is named after its primary authors, U.S. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg and French foreign minister Aristide Briand. To a great extent, the creation of the Kellogg-Briand Pact was driven by popular post-World War I peace movements in the United States and France. The horrors of World War I drove a majority of the American people and government officials to advocate for isolationist policies intended to make sure the nation would never again be drawn into foreign wars. Some of those policies focused on international disarmament, including the recommendations of a series of naval disarmament conferences held in Washington, D.C., during 1921. Others focused on U.S. cooperation with multinational peacekeeping coalitions like the League of Nations and the newly formed World Court, now recognized as the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial branch of the United Nations. American peace advocates Nicholas Murray Butler and James T. Shotwell started a movement dedicated to the total prohibition of war. Butler and Shotwell soon affiliated their movement with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, an organization dedicated to promoting peace through internationalism, established in 1910 by famed American industrialist Andrew Carnegie.

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